Medal "For the Defense of Sevastopol" - for the Crimean War (1853-1856).

Description

Russian Еmpire.
Medal "For the Defense of Sevastopol" is a state award of the Russian Empire. Established to commemorate the end of the Crimean War (1853-1856). This award is considered the first Russian medal given not for victory or capture, but for defense
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Medal "For the Defense of Sevastopol", 1854-1855 St. Petersburg Mint, 1855-1856 Silver, 13.51 g. Diameter 28 mm. The preservation is excellent. Smirnov # 580. Peters # 137.
Established on November 26, 1855.The medal was awarded to those who participated from September 13, 1854 to August 27, 1855 in the defense of Sevastopol: a) generals, headquarters and chief officers, combatant and non-combatant lower ranks who made up the Sevastopol garrison and were located on the northern side of the city and on the batteries of this side; b) all persons who temporarily arrived in Sevastopol on business; c) civil officials of all departments who were in the city during the siege on business; d) residents of Sevastopol who took part in the defense of the city; e) women who worked in hospitals or provided special services during the defense of Sevastopol.
These rules were extended to the ranks of the naval department.
Later, the right to be awarded a medal was given to the servants (including serfs) of the officers who were on the southern side of Sevastopol and participated in the defense of the city.
More than 253,000 medals were minted.
Medal "For the Defense of Sevastopol" is a state award of the Russian Empire. Established to commemorate the end of the Crimean War (1853-1856). This award is considered the first Russian medal given not for victory or capture, but for defense
.
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Defense of Sevastopol 1854-1855 - 349-day defense of Sevastopol (the main base of the Black Sea Fleet) by Russian troops in the Crimean War. This defense is also called the "First Defense of Sevastopol", in contrast to the defense of the city in 1941-1942.
The blockade of Sevastopol was the culmination of the Crimean War. Sevastopol (garrison of about 7 thousand people), which did not have a prepared defense of the city from land, was attacked by the Anglo-French landing force (more than 60 thousand people) and the fleet, which outnumbered the Russian fleet in warships by more than three times. In a short time, defensive fortifications were created on the southern side of the city, while the entrance from the sea to the Sevastopol Bay was blocked by specially sunk ships. The allies in the anti-Russian coalition - England, France and Turkey - hoped that the city would be captured in a week, but they underestimated the resilience of the defending Russian troops, whose ranks joined the sailors of the Black Sea Fleet who came ashore. Civilians also took part in the defense of the city. The siege lasted 11 months. During the siege, the Allies conducted six massive artillery bombings of Sevastopol from land and sea.
The Sevastopol defense was headed by the chief of staff of the Black Sea Fleet, Vice-Admiral V.A.Kornilov, and after his death - by the squadron commander, Vice-Admiral (since March 1855 - Admiral) PS Nakhimov. The real "genius" of the defense of Sevastopol was the military engineer General E. I. Totleben.
After the Balaklava and Inkerman battles in 1854, the struggle for the city passed into a protracted stage. Having survived the winter, for which they were poorly prepared, the allies broke into the Sea of ​​Azov. By May 1855, the troops of the anti-Russian coalition on the peninsula numbered 175 thousand people, Russian troops - 85 thousand, including 43 thousand in the Sevastopol region.
On the night of August 28 (September 9), 1855, the enemy captured a key position - the Malakhov Kurgan, which predetermined the outcome of the Sevastopol defense. Further defense of the city did not make sense. Prince Gorchakov in one night moved his troops to the north side. The city was set on fire, the powder magazines were blown up, the warships standing in the bay were flooded. The Allies, however, did not dare to pursue the Russian troops, considering the city mined, and only on August 30 (September 11) entered the smoking ruins of Sevastopol.
The defense of Sevastopol demonstrated a skillful organization of active defense based on the interaction of ground forces and the fleet. Its characteristic features were continuous sorties by the defenders, night searches, mine warfare, and close fire interaction between naval and fortress artillery.
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